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Autism Initiatives U.K.
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"Autistic spectrum disorder" is the name given to a family of disorders which share certain characteristics. These shared features are known as the "triad of impairments" (Wing 1988). They are perhaps better characterised as differences rather than impairments, relating to three areas of development, namely Communication, Social Interaction and Flexible Thinking / Imagination.
Individuals with ASD have difficulty understanding language and in using language to communicate with others. They may have limited language themselves. Alternatively they may be relatively fluent speakers regarding the structure and sounds of language, but may not have the underlying understanding of the purpose of communication. They tend to interpret language literally and find it difficult to understand implied meaning.
There is great individual variation in each area of difference, particularly perhaps in the area of Social Interaction. Some individuals may be very socially withdrawn and isolated and have great difficulty relating to others. Some individuals may be very dependant on others and have great difficulty initiating social interaction. Others may appear to be very sociable but not understand the social "rules" governing friendship and behaviour. Individuals have difficulty extracting the “main point” from situations, thinking beyond the "here and now" and solving the everyday problems which allow them some control over their days. They often seek familiar, predicable responses and a narrow range of interests may dominate their thinking and behaviour.
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