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Cardiopulmonary resuscitation or CPR,is a combination of rescue breathing (mouth-to-mouth resuscitation) and chest compressions.

edit Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)

Do you know your A,B,C?

A = Airway

B = Breathing

C = Circulation

This mnemonic device is used in CPR training and is traced back to the 1960's, when a group of doctors from Johns Hopkins Univeristy accidentally stumbled upon the discovery of chest compressions as a means for treating sudden cardiac arrest.

CPR has a long history; the practice of mouth-to-mouth resuscitation dates back to the 1700's, when a group of concerned citizens in Amsterdam formed a society to combat sudden death by drowning. Mouth-to-mouth resuscitation, among other techniques, was recommended as one of the most efficient ways to stimulate the body after sudden death. Following the society's success, many other rescue societies were formed throughout Europe and are now considered the predecessors of our modern emergency medical services.

In late 1960, the techniques of mouth-to-mouth resuscitation and chest compressions came together, forming what we now know as CPR.

The American Red Cross recently published new guidelines for CPR which excludes the mouth-to-mouth process from the whole CPR procedure. More information on recent guideline changes can be found on the American Red Cross Official Site here

edit CPR FACTS

• Sudden cardiac arrest is the leading cause of death in adults. Most arrests occur in persons with underlying heart disease.
• CPR doubles a person's chance of survival from sudden cardiac arrest.
• 75% of all cardiac arrests happen in people's homes.
• The typical victim of cardiac arrest is a man in his early 60's and a woman in her late 60's.
• Cardiac arrest occurs twice as frequently in men compared to women.
• There has never been a case of HIV transmitted by mouth-to-mouth CPR.
• In sudden cardiac arrest the heart goes from a normal heartbeat to a quivering rhythm called ventricular fibrillation (VF). This happens in approximately two thirds of all cardiac arrests. VF is fatal unless an electric shock, called defibrillation, can be given. CPR does not stop VF but CPR extends the window of time in which defibrillation can be effective.
• CPR provides a trickle of oxygenated blood to the brain and heart and keeps these organs alive until defibrillation can shock the heart into a normal rhythm.
• If CPR is started within 4 minutes of collapse and defibrillation provided within 10 minutes a person has a 40% chance of survival.

The above information has been extracted from University of Washington School of Medicine

edit CPR How-To

• Place the heels of your hands (which should be placed one on top of the other) on the center of the victim's chest and press down 30 times
• Depress chest to a third of its depth (4-5cm)
• Do this at a rate of 100 times a minute

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Old Procedure

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