FerretCentral.org
Title
Ferret Central
Description
ADV is a highly contagious parvovirus that is spreading throughout the ferret population both in the U.S. and abroad. ADV in ferrets is characterized by a persistent viral infection and marked hypergammaglobulinemia, mainly due to the formation of non-neutralizing antibodies and continuous stimulation of the immune system. Stress conditions can exacerbate symptoms and potentiate expression of the virus. ADV can be spread very easily, i.e., through feces, urine, saliva and other body fluids. Humans can spread ADV through casual contact with multiple ferrets such as that which occurs in shelters or at shows. ADV Antibody can be detected as early as 2 weeks post infection. Ferrets found to be positive for ADV Antibody should be isolated as suspected carriers of the disease.
Conclusive diagnosis of ADV requires the demonstration of antibody to a specific protein of ADV called the "non-virion" protein, the presence of which clearly indicates that viral replication has occurred. A procedure known as counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIEP) actually detects antibodies to several other ADV-related proteins. Moreover, false positive results can occur with this technique due to cross-reactivity of the numerous proteins in the ADV whole viral lysate used in the test with antibodies against cellular debris from vaccines used in ferrets. This test also relies upon visual interpretation of results; with low titers, this can especially lead to the false assumption of a negative result.
The ADV Antibody ELISA Test from Avecon Diagnostics, Inc. is a sensitive, specific Immunoassay that only detects antibody to the non-virion protein of ADV and removes any doubt surrounding the diagnosis of ADV in ferrets. By using a single, recombinant protein produced ONLY by replicating ADV as the reacting species, and not the whole viral lysate, there is NO POSSIBILITY of cross-reactivity with antibodies other than those caused by a recent or prior infection with ADV. Additionally, a specific anti-Ferret Immuno-chemical is used in the detection step of the ELISA and has no cross-reactivity with antibodies from any other species, including mink.
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